Read online	Rees, Geraint Paul and Robert Lew. 2024. ‘The Effectiveness of OpenAI GPT-Generated Definitions Versus Definitions from an English Learners’ Dictionary in a Lexically Orientated Reading Task.’ International Journal of Lexicography 37.1: 50-74.
Read online	Lew, Robert and Sascha Wolfer. 2024. ‘What Lexical Factors Drive Look-Ups in the English Wiktionary?’ SAGE Open 14.1: 21582440231219101.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2023. ‘ChatGPT as a COBUILD lexicographer.’ Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 10.1: 704.
Read online	Koza, Zbigniew, Robert Lew, Emanuel Kulczycki and Piotr Stec. 2023. ‘Who controls the national academic promotion system: An analysis of power distribution in Poland.’ SAGE Open 13.2: 21582440231177974.
Read online	Senabre Hidalgo, Enric, Albin Wagener, Eveline Wandl-Vogt and Robert Lew. 2022. ‘Manifesto sprint on biocultural diversity: an experimental approach to knowledge co-creation, discourse design and collaborative writing ’ Cogent Arts and Humanities 9.1.
Read online	Lew, Robert and Ewa Tomczak. 2022. ‘Where should English dictionaries place multi-word expressions? A study of user consultation behaviour.’ 3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature 28.3: 69-83.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2022. ‘Review of: "Creating ontological definitions for use in science".’ Qeios.
	Lew, Robert. 2022. ‘Identifying, ordering and defining senses’ in Jackson, Howard (ed.), The Bloomsbury handbook to lexicography. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 251–266.
Read online	Frankenberg-Garcia, Ana, Geraint Paul Rees and Robert Lew. 2021. ‘Slipping through the cracks in e-lexicography.’ International Journal of Lexicography 34.2: 206-234.
Read online	Roberts, Jonathan C., Peter W. S. Butcher, Robert Lew, Geraint Paul Rees, Nirwan Sharma and Ana Frankenberg-Garcia. 2020. ‘Visualising Collocation for Close Writing’ in Kerren, Andreas, Christoph Garth and G. Elisabeta Marai (eds.), EuroVis 2020 - Short Papers. The Eurographics Association, 181-185.
Read online	Hua Tan, Kim, Hazita Azman, Imran Ho Abdullah, Ruzy Suliza Hashim, Hajar Abdul Rahim, Mohd Muzhafar Idrus, Nur Ehsan Mohd Said, Robert Lew and Iztok Kosem. 2020. ‘Covid-19 Insights and Linguistic Methods.’ 3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature 26.2: 1-23.
Read online	Roberts, Jonathan C., Peter W. S. Butcher, Robert Lew, Geraint Paul Rees, Nirwan Sharma and Ana Frankenberg-Garcia. 2020. ‘Visualising Collocation for Close Writing’ in Kerren, Andreas, Christoph Garth and G. Elisabeta Marai (eds.), EuroVis 2020 - Short Papers. The Eurographics Association, 181-185.
Read online	Młocek, Wojciech and Robert Lew. 2020. ‘Forecasting trajectories of an emerging epidemic with mathematical modeling in an online dashboard: The case of COVID-19.’ medRxiv.
Read online	Tomczak, Ewa and Robert Lew. 2019. ‘"The Song of Words": Teaching Multi-Word Units with songs.’ 3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature 25.4: 16-33.
Read online	De Schryver, Gilles-Maurice, Sascha Wolfer and Robert Lew. 2019. ‘The relationship between dictionary look-up frequency and corpus frequency revisited: A log-file analysis of a decade of user interaction with a Swahili-English dictionary.’ GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies 19.4.
Read online	Ptasznik, Bartosz and Robert Lew. 2019. ‘New-line and run-on guiding devices in print monolingual dictionaries for learners of English.’ Lexikos 29: 180-198.
Read online	Roberts, Jonathan. C, Hayder Al-Maneea, Peter W. S. Butcher, Robert Lew, Geraint Paul Rees, Nirwan Sharma and Ana Frankenberg-Garcia. 2019. ‘Multiple Views: different meanings and collocated words.’ Computer Graphics Forum 38.3: 79-93.
Read online	Frankenberg-Garcia, Ana, Geraint Paul Rees, Robert Lew, Jonathan C. Roberts, Nirwan Sharma and Peter W. S. Butcher. 2019. ‘ColloCaid: a tool to help academic English writers find the words they need’ in Meunier, Fanny, Julie Van de Vyver, Linda Bradley and Sylvie Thouësny (eds.), CALL and complexity – short papers from EUROCALL 2019. Research-publishing.net, 144-150.
Read online	Sharma, Nirwan, Geraint Paul Rees, Peter W. S. Butcher, Robert Lew, Ana Frankenberg-Garcia and Jonathan C. Roberts 2019. Co-creating an online learning environment to support academic writing: Lessons learnt in an interdisciplinary setting. 4th Workshop on Visualization for the Digital Humanities – Vis4DH 2018, Vancouver, 2019, 1-5.
Read online	Kosem, Iztok, Robert Lew, Sascha Wolfer, Carolin Müller-Spitzer, Maria Ribeiro Silveira et al. 2019.‘The image of the monolingual dictionary across Europe. Results of the European survey of dictionary use and culture.’ International Jounal of Lexicography 32.1: 92-114.
Read online	Frankenberg-Garcia, Ana, Robert Lew, Jonathan C. Roberts, Geraint Paul Rees and Nirwan Sharma. 2019. ‘Developing a writing assistant to help EAP writers with collocations in real time.’ ReCALL 31.1: 23-39.
Read online	Kosem, Iztok, Sascha Wolfer, Robert Lew and Carolin Müller-Spitzer. 2018. ‘Attitudes of Slovenian language users towards general monolingual dictionaries: An international perspective.’ Slovenščina 2.0 6.1: 90-134.
Read online	Ptasznik, Bartosz and Robert Lew. 2018.‘Which learning tools accompanying the paid online version of LDOCE do advanced learners of English find useful?’ Lexikos 28: 448-460.
Read online	Wolfer, Sascha, Iztok Kosem, Robert Lew, Carolin Müller-Spitzer and Maria Ribeiro Silveira. 2018.‘Web-based exploration of results from a large European survey on dictionary use and culture: The ESDexplorer.’ Lexikos 28: 440-447.
Read online	Roberts, Jonathan C., Ana Frankenberg-Garcia, Robert Lew, Geraint Paul Rees and Nirwan Sharma 2018. Visualisation approaches for Corpus Linguistics: towards visual Dynamic Data-Driven Learning. 3rd Workshop on Visualization for the Digital Humanities – Vis4DH 2018, Berlin, 2018.
Read online	Lew, Robert, Ana Frankenberg-Garcia, Geraint Paul Rees, Jonathan C. Roberts and Nirwan Sharma 2018. ColloCaid: A real-time tool to help academic writers with English collocations. Proceedings of the XVIII EURALEX International Congress: Lexicography in Global Contexts, Ljubljana, 2018, 247-254.
Read online	Müller-Spitzer, Carolin, Maria Ribeiro Silveira, Sascha Wolfer, Iztok Kosem and Robert Lew. 2018.‘Eine europaweite Umfrage zu Wörterbuchbenutzung und -kultur. Ergebnisse der deutschen Teilnehmenden.’ Sprachreport 2018.2: 26-35.
Read online	Lew, Robert, Rafał Kaźmierczak, Ewa Tomczak and Mateusz Leszkowicz. 2018.‘Competition of definition and pictorial illustration for dictionary users’ attention: An eye-tracking study.’ International Journal of Lexicography 31.1: 53–77.
Read online	Gillian, Edward and Robert Lew. 2018.‘Incorporating research-based teaching techniques in e-learning to teach English articles.’ 3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature 24.1: 16–28.
Read online	Lew, Robert and Agnieszka Szarowska. 2017.‘Evaluating online bilingual dictionaries: The case of popular free English-Polish dictionaries.’ ReCALL 29.2: 138-159.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2016.‘Can a dictionary help you write better? A user study of an active bilingual dictionary for Polish learners of English.’ International Journal of Lexicography 29.3: 353–366.
Pre-print version Publisher site	Lew, Robert. 2016.‘Dictionaries for learners of English.’ Language Teaching 49.2: 291–294.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2015.‘Dictionaries and their users’ in Hanks, Patrick and Gilles-Maurice de Schryver (eds.), International Handbook of Modern Lexis and Lexicography. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer, 1-9.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2015.‘Research into the use of online dictionaries.’ International Journal of Lexicography 28.2: 232–253.
Read online	Lew, Robert and Arleta Adamska-Sałaciak. 2015.‘A case for bilingual learners' dictionaries.’ ELT Journal 69.1: 47–57.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2015.‘Opportunities and limitations of user studies.’ OPAL - Online publizierte Arbeiten zur Linguistik 2015.
Read online	Lew, Robert and Gilles-Maurice de Schryver. 2014.‘Dictionary users in the digital revolution.’ International Journal of Lexicography 27.4: 341-359.
Read online	Ptasznik, Bartosz and Robert Lew. 2014.‘Do menus provide added value to signposts in print monolingual dictionary entries? An application of Linear Mixed-Effects Modelling in dictionary user research.’ International Journal of Lexicography 27.3: 241-258.
Read online	Lew, Robert. in press. ‘Space restrictions in paper and electronic dictionaries and their implications for the design of production dictionaries’ in: Bański, Piotr and Beata Wójtowicz (eds.), Issues in Modern Lexicography. München: Lincom Europa.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2014.‘User-generated content (UGC) in online English dictionaries.’ OPAL - Online publizierte Arbeiten zur Linguistik 2014.4: 8-26.
Read online	Kilgarriff, Adam, Frieda Charalabopoulou, Maria Gavrilidou, Janne Bondi Johannessen, Saussan Khalil, Sofie Johansson Kokkinakis, Robert Lew, Serge Sharoff, Ravikiran Vadlapudi and Elena Volodina. 2014.‘Corpus-based vocabulary lists for language learners for nine languages.’ Language Resources and Evaluation 48.1: 121-163.
Read online	Lew, Robert, Marcin Grzelak and Mateusz Leszkowicz. 2013.‘How dictionary users choose senses in bilingual dictionary entries: An eye-tracking study.’ Lexikos 23: 228–254.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2013.‘Online dictionary skills’ in Kosem, Iztok, Jelena Kallas, Polona Gantar, Simon Krek, Margit Langemets and Maria Tuulik (eds.), Electronic lexicography in the 21st century: Thinking outside the paper. Proceedings of the eLex 2013 conference, 17-19 October 2013, Tallinn, Estonia. Ljubljana/Tallinn: Trojina, Institute for Applied Slovene Studies/Eesti Keele Instituut, 16-31.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2013.‘Dictionaries and technology’ in Chapelle, Carol A. (ed.), The encyclopedia of applied linguistics. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 1-8.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2013.‘Identifying, ordering and defining senses’ in Jackson, Howard (ed.), The Bloomsbury companion to lexicography. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 284-302.
Read online	Dziemianko, Anna and Robert Lew. 2013.‘When-definitions revisited.’ International Journal of Lexicography. 26.2: 154-175.
Read online	Lew, Robert and Roger Mitton. 2013. ‘Online English learners’ dictionaries and misspellings: One year on.’ International Journal of Lexicography. 26.2: 219-233.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2013.‘From paper to electronic dictionaries: Evolving dictionary skills’ in Kwary, Deny Arnos, Nur Wulan and Lilla Musyahda (eds.), Lexicography and Dictionaries in the Information Age. Selected papers from the 8th ASIALEX international conference. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press, 79–84.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2012.‘The role of syntactic class, frequency, and word order in looking up English multi-word expressions.’ Lexikos 22: 243-260.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2012. ‘How can we make electronic dictionaries more effective?’ in Granger, Sylviane and Magali Paquot (eds.), Electronic lexicography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 343-361.
Read online	Lew, Robert and Anna Dziemianko. 2012.‘Single-clause when-definitions: Take three’ in Fjeld, Ruth Vatvedt and Julie Matilde Torjusen (eds.), Proceedings of the 15th EURALEX International Congress. Oslo: Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies, University of Oslo, 997-1002.
Read online	Lew, Robert and Roger Mitton. 2012. ‘How helpful are online English learners' dictionaries in dealing with misspellings?’. (Extended) pre-print of: Lew, Robert and Roger Mitton 2012. ‘Online English learners’ dictionaries and misspellings: One year on.’ International Journal of Lexicography.
Read online	Radziszewski, Adam, Adam Kilgarriff and Robert Lew. 2011. ‘Polish Word Sketches’ in Vetulani, Zygmunt (ed.), Human Language Technologies as a Challenge for Computer Science and Linguistics. Proceedings of the 5th Language & Technology Conference. Poznań: Fundacja Uniwersytetu im. A. Mickiewicza, 237-242.
Read online	Lew, Robert and Roger Mitton. 2011. ‘Not the Word I Wanted? How Online English Learners' Dictionaries Deal with Misspelled Words’ in Kosem, Iztok and Karmen Kosem (eds.), Electronic Lexicography in the 21st Century: New Applications for New Users. Proceedings of eLex 2011, Bled, 10-12 November 2011. Ljubljana: Trojina, Institute for Applied Slovene Studies, 165-174.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2011. ‘User studies: Opportunities and limitations’ in: Akasu, Kaoru and Satoru Uchida (eds.), ASIALEX2011 Proceedings Lexicography: Theoretical and practical perspectives. Kyoto: Asian Association for Lexicography, 7-16.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2011.‘Online dictionaries of English’ in Fuertes-Olivera, Pedro A. and Henning Bergenholtz (eds.), e-Lexicography: The Internet, Digital Initiatives and Lexicography. London/New York: Continuum, 230–250.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2011. ‘The role of imagery in dictionaries of idioms.’ Applied Linguistics 32, 3. 323-347.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2011. ‘Studies in dictionary use: Recent developments.’ International Journal of Lexicography 24.1: 1-4.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2010. ‘Multimodal Lexicography: The Representation of Meaning in Electronic Dictionaries.’ Lexikos 20: 290-306.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2010. ‘Review of De Schryver, G.M. A Way with Words: Recent Advances in Lexical Theory and Analysis. A Festschrift for Patrick Hanks.’ Lexikos 20: 757-759.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2010. ‘Users Take Shortcuts: Navigating Dictionary Entries’ in Dykstra, Anne and Tanneke Schoonheim (eds.), Proceedings of the XIV Euralex International Congress. Ljouwert: Afûk, 1121-1132.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2010. ‘New ways of indicating meaning in electronic dictionaries: hope or hype?’ In: Zhang, Yihua (ed.), Learner's Lexicography and Second Language Teaching Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. 387-404.
Read online	Lew, Robert and Patryk Tokarek. 2010. ‘Entry menus in bilingual electronic dictionaries.’ In: Granger, Sylviane and Magali Paquot (eds.), eLexicography in the 21st century: New challenges, new applications, 193-202. Louvain-la-Neuve: Cahiers du CENTAL.
Read online	Lew, Robert and Magdalena Radłowska. 2010. ‘Navigating dictionary space: the findability of English collocations in a general learner's dictionary (LDOCE4) and special-purpose dictionary of collocations (OCD).’ In: Ciuk, Andrzej and Katarzyna Molek-Kozakowska (eds.), Exploring Space: Spatial Notions in Cultural, Literary and Language Studies; Volume 2: Space in Language Studies, 34-47. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2009. ‘Review of Atkins, B.T.S and Rundell, Michael. 2008. The Oxford Guide to Practical Lexicography.’ ELT Journal 63.4: 421-425.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2009. ‘Towards variable function-dependent sense ordering in future dictionaries.’ In: Bergenholtz, Henning, Sandro Nielsen and Sven Tarp (eds.), Lexicography at a crossroads: Dictionaries and encyclopedias today, lexicographical tools tomorrow. (Linguistic insights - studies in language and communication, Vol.90.): 237-264. Bern: Peter Lang.
Read online	Lew, Robert and Doroszewska, Joanna. 2009. ‘Electronic dictionary entries with animated pictures: Lookup preferences and word retention.’ International Journal of Lexicography 22.3: 239-257.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2009. ‘Review of East, Martin. 2008. Dictionary Use in Foreign Language Writing Exams: Impact and Implications.’ International Journal of Lexicography 22.3: 344-348.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2009. ‘Review of Sobkowiak, Włodzimierz. 2006. Phonetics of EFL Dictionary Definitions.’ International Journal of Lexicography 22.2: 218-221.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2009. ‘The Web as corpus versus traditional corpora: Their relative utility for linguists and language learners’ in Baker, P. (ed.), Contemporary corpus linguistics, 289-300. New York: Continuum.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2008. ‘Lexicographic functions and pedagogical lexicography: Some critical notes on Sven Tarp's Lexicography in the borderland between knowledge and non-knowledge.’ in Iwan, K. and Korpaczewska, I. (eds.), Przegląd Humanistyczny. Pedagogika. Politologia. Filologia, 114-123. Szczecin: Szczecińska Szkoła Wyższa Collegium Balticum.
Read online	Lew, Robert. and Galas, Katarzyna. 2008. ‘Can dictionary skills be taught? The effectiveness of lexicographic training for primary-school-level Polish learners of English’ in Bernal, E. and DeCesaris, J. (eds.), Proceedings of the XIII EURALEX International Congress, 1273-1285. Barcelona: Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2008. ‘Review of Müldner-Nieckowski, Piotr. 2007. Frazeologia poszerzona: Studium leksykograficzne.’ International Journal of Lexicography 21.2: 195-198.
Read online	Lew, Robert. and Pajkowska, Julita. 2007. ‘The effect of signposts on access speed and lookup task success in long and short entries.’ Horizontes de Lingüística Aplicada 6.2.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2007. ‘Review of Welker, Herbert Andreas. 2006. O Uso de dicionários: Panorama geral das pesquisas empíricas.’ International Journal of Lexicography 20.4: 401-403.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2007. ‘Lexicography at the Poznań School of English.’ Kernerman Dictionary News 15: 12-13.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2007. ‘Linguistic semantics and lexicography: A troubled relationship’ in Fabiszak, M. (ed.), Language and meaning. Cognitive and functional perpectives, 217-224. Franfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
Read online	Lew, Robert. and Dziemianko, Anna. 2006. ‘A new type of folk-inspired definition in English monolingual learners' dictionaries and its usefulness for conveying syntactic information.’ International Journal of Lexicography 19.3: 225-242.
Read online	Dziemianko, A. and Lew, Robert. 2006. ‘Research into dictionary use by Polish learners of English: Some methodological considerations’ in Dziubalska-Kołaczyk, K. (ed.), IFAtuation: A life in IFA. A festschrift for Prof. Jacek Fisiak on the occasion of his 70th birthday by his IFAtuated staff from The School of English, AMU, Poznań, 211-233. Poznań: Wydawnictwo UAM.
Read online	Dziemianko, Anna. and Lew, Robert. 2006. ‘When you are explaining the meaning of a word: The effect of abstract noun definition format on syntactic class identification’ in Corino, E., Marello, C. and Onesti, C. (eds.), Atti del XII Congresso di Lessicografia, Torino, 6-9 settembre 2006, 857-863. Allessandria: Edizioni dell'Orso.
Read online	Lew, Robert. and Dziemianko, Anna. 2006. ‘Non-standard dictionary definitions: What they cannot tell native speakers of Polish.’ Cadernos de Traduçao 18.2: 275-294.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2005. ‘Review of Müldner-Nieckowski, Piotr. 2003. Wielki słownik frazeologiczny języka polskiego.’ International Journal of Lexicography 18.1: 110-114.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2004. ‘How do Polish learners of English rate bilingual and monolingual dictionaries?’ in Williams, G. and Vessier, S. (eds.), Proceedings of the Eleventh EURALEX International Congress, EURALEX 2004, Lorient, France, July 6-10, 2004, Vol.2, 697-706. Lorient: Université De Bretagne Sud.
Buy online	Fisiak, Jacek, Adamska-Sałaciak, Arleta, Idzikowski, Mariusz, Jagła, Ewelina, Jankowski, Michał and Lew, Robert. 2004. Słownik współczesny angielsko-polski, polsko-angielski. Harlow: Longman.
Czytaj	Lew, Robert. 2004. ‘Jaki słownik wybrać?’ The Teacher 23: 32-33.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2004. Which dictionary for whom? Receptive use of bilingual, monolingual and semi-bilingual dictionaries by Polish learners of English. Poznań: Motivex.
Buy online	Lew, Robert. (ed.) 2003. Cambridge Learner's Dictionary. Słownik angielsko-polski z indeksem polsko-angielskim. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2003. ‘Designing relational database structures for storing and processing language questionnaire data: Example from a study in dictionary use’ in Oleksy, E. H. and Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B. (eds.), Research and scholarship in integration processes: Poland - USA - EU, 355-363. Łódź: Łódź University Press.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2002. ‘Differences in the scope of obstruent voicing assimilation in learners' English as a consequence of regional variation in Polish’ in Waniek-Klimczak, E. and Melia, P. J. (eds.), Accents and speech in teaching English phonetics and phonology, 243-264. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2002. ‘A study in the use of bilingual and monolingual dictionaries by Polish learners of English: A preliminary report’ in Braasch, A. and Povlsen, C. (eds.), Proceedings of the Tenth EURALEX International Congress, EURALEX 2002, Copenhagen, Denmark, August 12-17, 2002, Vol.2, 759-763. Copenhagen: Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen University.
Read online	Lew, Robert. 2002. ‘Questionnaires in dictionary use research: A reexamination’ in Braasch, A. and Povlsen, C. (eds.), Proceedings of the Tenth EURALEX International Congress, EURALEX 2002, Copenhagen, Denmark, August 12-17, 2002, Vol.1, 267-271. Copenhagen: Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen University.

Also available:

Read online

Lew, Robert. 1996. An ambiguity-based theory of the linguistic verbal joke in English. Unpublished PhD Thesis.