Last updated by tymon on 2008-11-06. Originally submitted by kagniesz on 2008-05-19.
Department of Sociolinguistics and Linguistic Pragmatics invites everyone to two guest lectures by
dr Eva-Maria Graf, Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik Alpen-Adria Universität, Klagenfurt.
From the particular to the holistic and back again - new findings and questions in the context of space, cognition, and language
Wednesday, 28 May 2008, 9.45, room 601
Coaching, linguistics and the profession
Friday, 30 May 2008, 9.45, room 601
From the particular to the holistic and back again - new findings and questions in the context of space, cognition, and language
The ubiquity of space in human thought and language has inspired research in many fields for centuries. Of major interest in linguistics and associated disciplines is the question as to how children acquire the language of space. This heightened interest may be explained by two opposing facts: On the one hand, experience in and with space universally forms part of a child’s earliest (cognitive) development. On the other hand, languages differ dramatically in how they encode spatial relations and these differences are found early on in children’s language (see e.g. the papers in Bowerman & Levinson (eds.) 2001; Levinson & Wilkins (eds.) 2006). Gentner & Boroditsky (2001: 248) offer the following, widely accepted, compromise with respect to this specification of the universal vs. relativistic debate: “[…] we suggest that the relation between language and cognition is far more intricate than a one-way path. At one end of the Division of Dominance continuum, cognition calls the shots; language must adapt itself to cognitive-perceptual concepts. In the other direction, language influences our semantic categories”.
The majority of studies of spatial language acquisition has concentrated on the very first years, i.e. between the ages of two and five or six, and has looked primarily at the acquisition of literal spatial language in proper spatial contexts. In addition, spatial language acquisition research is mainly characterized by very detailed, in-depth analyses of particular spatial lexical items or of the realization of Talmy’s (2001) motion event frame in satellite-framed vs. verb-framed languages (e.g. Allen et al. 2007; Hickman 2006).
In an analysis of spontaneous conversations between older children and adolescents, Graf (2006; under review b) both extended the age range and also broadened the perspective by including both literal and metaphorical uses of spatial language. In addition, I developed a categorical framework based on the spatial relation between a Reference Entity and a Reference Relatum that allowed for the analysis of any kind of spatial reference in the data.
In my talk I want to address the overall question of how space, language and cognition interrelate, shift the perspective from particular instances of spatial reference to a holistic picture of spatial language development and, finally, turn to a particular perspective again and present findings on spatial TIME metaphors in the language of older children (cf. Graf under review a).
Coaching, linguistics and the profession
Coaching has turned into a widely applied tool for personal and professional development in human resource development over the last few years. However, despite its broad application there is still no agreement on the necessary training for coaches, no standardized professional definition etc. and coaches, human resource developers, organization psychologists and others have joined forces to work on the professionalization and standardization of coaching (e.g. DBVC 2007).
Although the particular communicative interaction between coach and client is both the primary medium and the basic method in coaching, so far the discourse of coaching has attracted little, if any, linguistic attention (Graf 2007). This is quite surprising as other forms of professional discourse have been at the center of linguistic research for some time now (see, for example, Peräkylä, Antaki, Vehviläinen & Leudar (eds.) (2008) on conversation analysis and psychotherapy, Heritage & Maynard (eds.) (2006) on communication in medical care, Vehviläinen (1999) or Peräkylä (1995) on different forms of counseling and Sarangi & Roberts (eds.) (1999) on professional discourse in different institutional settings).
The talk will focus on the relevance of an applied pragmatic analysis of the discourse of coaching for both professionals and linguists in the sense of interprofessional practice, outline the basic assumptions that underlie the analysis and argue for an eclectic method based on elements from Critical Discourse Analysis, Qualitative Content Analysis as well as Conversation Analysis. Transcribed coaching sessions as well as questionnaires from the participants of the recorded coachings serve as data. The overall aim of this work in progress is a functional description of the communicative interaction found in person-oriented coaching, i.e. an outline of its constitutive professional-communicative practice.